Introduction Communication networks form the foundation of modern society by enabling the rapid exchange of information across the globe. From mobile phones and satellite communications to the Internet, cloud computing, and the emerging Internet of Things (IoT), today's interconnected world depends on sophisticated hardware and advanced materials. Among these materials, rare earth minerals play an indispensable role in supporting the performance, reliability, and miniaturization of communication technologies. Rare earth minerals comprise seventeen elements, including the fifteen lanthanides together with scandium and yttrium. These elements possess unique magnetic, optical, electrical, and luminescent properties that make them essential for manufacturing electronic components, fiber-optic communication systems, wireless infrastructure, semiconductors, sensors, and advanced computing devices. Although present in relatively small quantities within communication equipment, their ...