Skip to main content

Hybrid Nanomaterials

Exploring the Structure–Property Relationship in Montmorillonite–Carbon Quantum Hybrid Nanomaterials


Combining montmorillonite (MMT), a layered silicate clay, with carbon quantum dots (CQD) is a promising strategy to develop hybrid nanomaterials with enhanced and tunable properties. In this work, we explore the structure–property relationships in montmorillonite–carbon quantum dot (MCQD) hybrid nanomaterials synthesized through two distinct routes. In Route 1, pre-synthesized CQDs using citric acid and urea as precursors were physically mixed with MMT, giving rise to MCQD-R1 hybrid nanomaterials. In Route 2, MMT was added in situ in the CQD reaction medium before thermal treatment, with contact times from 1 to 16 h, generating MCQD-R2-1 and MCQD-R2-16, respectively.

Structural and spectroscopy techniques were employed to investigate the resulting hybrids. PXRD analysis revealed that the synthesis conditions preserved the crystalline structures of both CQD and MMT clay. The FT-IR indicated that in the MCQD-R1, the interactions with CQD occur primarily via the interlayer water molecules in MMT, whereas in the MCQD-R2-16 samples, the establishment of new chemical bonds involving the carbonyl group of CQD takes place. UV-Vis spectroscopy shows improved colloidal stability of MCQD-R2 hybrids compared to pristine CQDs. Finally, hemolysis assays demonstrated hemolytic activity below 5%, indicating good biocompatibility of the synthesized hybrid nanomaterials.

Based on the structural, optical, and hemocompatibility results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the combination of montmorillonite and carbon quantum dots through distinct synthesis approaches leads to the formation of hybrid nanomaterials with preserved crystalline integrity of both components. XRD and FT-IR analyses revealed that while Route 1 primarily promotes interactions mediated by interlayer water molecules, the in situ synthesis (Route 2) induces stronger chemical interactions involving the carbonyl and carboxylate groups of CQDs, with slight variations depending on the contact time with the clay.

Elemental analysis confirmed that Route 2 incorporated a higher amount of CQD, likely due to the CQDs that nucleate in close proximity to clay surfaces/edges, favoring multipoint anchoring (electrostatics + H-bonds + edge acid–base). Thermal analysis demonstrated that the hybrids exhibit modified degradation profiles and, in some cases, enhanced thermal stability compared to pristine CQDs, highlighting the influence of montmorillonite on the thermal behavior of the composites. Optical characterization indicated that the hybrids retained the independent emission features of CQDs, with subtle spectral shifts and variations in lifetime decay related to the interactions in the hybrids and nitrogen incorporation, particularly in MCQD-R2-16.

Stability tests showed that the presence of montmorillonite mitigates CQD aggregation over time, especially in MCQD-R1 and MCQD-R2-1, enhancing their potential for long-term applications. Moreover, hemolysis assays confirmed that the selected hybrid, MCQD-R2-1, possesses a hemolysis ratio below 5%, confirming its hemocompatibility. It is worth highlighting that, despite its relatively low CQD loading, MCQD-R1 exhibited exceptional colloidal stability, which underscores the ability of montmorillonite to prevent nanoparticle aggregation even under less favorable incorporation conditions.

network security, computer networks, data communication, wireless networking, LAN, WAN, VPN, network topology, routing protocols, cybersecurity, firewall protection, cloud networking, IoT connectivity, network infrastructure, bandwidth management, network monitoring, server configuration, IP addressing, network performance, digital communication

#NetworkTechnology, #NetworkSecurity, #DataCommunication, #WirelessNetwork, #LAN, #WAN, #VPN, #Routing, #Cybersecurity, #CloudNetworking, #IoTNetwork, #NetworkInfrastructure, #FirewallProtection, #ServerSetup, #BandwidthControl, #NetworkMonitoring, #IPConfiguration, #DigitalConnectivity, #SmartNetwork, #TechNetwork

International Conference on Network Science and Graph Analytics

Visit: networkscience.researchw.com

Award Nomination: networkscience-conferences.researchw.com/award-nomination/?ecategory=Awards&rcategory=Awardee

For Enquiries: support@researchw.com

Get Connected Here
---------------------------------
---------------------------------
instagram.com/network_science_awards
tumblr.com/emileyvaruni
n.pinterest.com/network_science_awards
networkscienceawards.blogspot.com
youtube.com/@network_science_awards

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

HealthAIoT: Revolutionizing Smart Healthcare! HealthAIoT combines Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things to transform healthcare through real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and personalized treatment. It enables smarter diagnostics, remote patient care, and proactive health management, enhancing efficiency and outcomes while reducing costs. HealthAIoT is the future of connected, intelligent, and patient-centric healthcare systems. What is HealthAIoT? HealthAIoT is the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in the healthcare industry. It integrates smart devices, sensors, and wearables with AI-powered software to monitor, diagnose, and manage health conditions in real-time. This fusion is enabling a new era of smart, connected, and intelligent healthcare systems . Key Components IoT Devices in Healthcare Wearables (e.g., smartwatches, fitness trackers) Medical devices (e.g., glucose monitors, heart rate sensors) Rem...
Post a Comment
Read more
Detecting Co-Resident Attacks in 5G Clouds! Detecting co-resident attacks in 5G clouds involves identifying malicious activities where attackers share physical cloud resources with victims to steal data or disrupt services. Techniques like machine learning, behavioral analysis, and resource monitoring help detect unusual patterns, ensuring stronger security and privacy in 5G cloud environments. Detecting Co-Resident Attacks in 5G Clouds In a 5G cloud environment, many different users (including businesses and individuals) share the same physical infrastructure through virtualization technologies like Virtual Machines (VMs) and containers. Co-resident attacks occur when a malicious user manages to place their VM or container on the same physical server as a target. Once co-residency is achieved, attackers can exploit shared resources like CPU caches, memory buses, or network interfaces to gather sensitive information or launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Why are Co-Resident Attack...
Post a Comment
Read more

Network Architecture

An introduction to satellite network architecture Satellite networking is a digital revolution that connects people from across the world instantly -- from enabling real-time communications to making the world a safer place. A satellite is an artificial object put into the Earth's orbit to gather and distribute crucial data. Since the late 1950s, satellites have only transmitted and received data, as bent pipe satellites weren't able to perform other functions. In modern times, a group of satellites in the same orbit forms a satellite network. Satellite networks process data and provide accurate visual and textual information. Unlike terrestrial network infrastructure, satellite network scalability isn't limited by geography and cost. According to a March 2025 report from Goldman Sachs, the global satellite market is expected to hit $108 billion by 2035, growing sevenfold from its current valuation. Satellite networks consist of the following: The ground equipment. The sa...
Post a Comment
Read more