Skip to main content

Wireless Sensor Networks

Performance Impact of Wind Speed on MAC Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks


Acoustic communication in under water environments is challenging due to high propagation delay and severely limited bandwidth. Furthermore, the quality of the channel is dynamically changing due to wind, rain, temperature and other environmental factors. Efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols are therefore particularly important for acoustic sensor networks (UWSNs) to prevent a significant portion of the scarce bandwidth to be wasted on packet collision. Increased wind speed add surface roughness for underwater communication, which in turn can affect the overall performance of MAC protocols in UWSNs. The contribution of this paper is to investigate the performance of five MAC protocols for UWSNs in terms of packet delivery rate, energy consumption and delay under different wind speeds.

The protocols investigated are: Aloha, Aloha with carrier sense (Aloha-CS), Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), T-Lohi, and Distance Aware Collision Avoidance Protocol (DACAP). Our simulation studies show that at low wind speeds of 10 m/s, CSMA performs better than other protocols in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) while Aloha without acknowledgement has the lowest End-to-End (E2E) delay with a trade-off in packet delivery ratio (PDR). At higher wind speed of 20 m/s to 30 m/s, T-Lohi outperforms the other protocols both in terms of PDR, E2E delay, and energy consumption.

We have undertaken a comparative simulation study of five MAC protocols in the context of underwater acoustic communication investigating how their performance is affected by wind-speed. The simulations show that T-Lohi and CSMA performs better in terms of PDR. Except for Aloha, T-Lohi has the lowest E2E delay. The weakness of Aloha is low PDR, making it less suitable unless the traffic density is low enough to make the collision probability insignificant. The PDR and energy consumption of CSMA is only slightly poorer than T-Lohi, i.e, the simulation results are in the same order of magnitude. In addition CSMA is simpler and easier to deploy. Thus, CSMA could often be a suitable choice. As part of future work, the analysis of these protocols will be extended to a wider set of network topologies and depths , and hence explore the behavior of the protocols in a broader range of environments. In a short term, this paper has given us insight into our immediate deployment context at the Austevoll research station.

wireless communication, distributed sensing, energy efficiency, fault tolerance, data aggregation, real-time monitoring, scalability, sensor nodes, multi-hop routing, coverage optimization, localization, self-organization, adaptive protocols, IoT integration, reliability, latency reduction, heterogeneous sensors, mobility support, cluster-based routing, environmental monitoring

#WirelessSensorNetworks, #IoT, #SmartCities, #SensorNodes, #DataAggregation, #WSN, #EnergyEfficiency, #RoutingProtocols, #RealTimeMonitoring, #DistributedSensing, #EdgeComputing, #NetworkScalability, #ClusterRouting, #SensorDeployment, #AdaptiveProtocols, #EnvironmentalMonitoring, #LatencyReduction, #SmartAgriculture, #IoTIntegration, #FaultToleranc

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Global Lighthouse Network

Smart, sustainable manufacturing: 3 lessons from the Global Lighthouse Network Launched in 2018, when more than 70% of factories struggled to scale digital transformation beyond isolated pilots, the Global Lighthouse Network set out to identify the world’s most advanced production sites and create a shared learning journey to up-level the global manufacturing community. In the past seven years, the network has grown from 16 to 201 industrial sites in more than 30 countries and 35 sectors, including the latest cohort of 13 new sites. This growing community of organizations is setting new standards for operational excellence, leveraging advanced technologies to drive growth, productivity, resilience and environmental sustainability. But what exactly is a Global Lighthouse and what has the network achieved? What is the Global Lighthouse Network? The Global Lighthouse Network is a community of operational facilities and value chains that harness digital technologies at scale to ac...
Post a Comment
Read more

Multi-Modal Data

Multi-Task Federated Split Learning Across Multi-Modal Data with Privacy Preservation With the advancement of federated learning (FL), there is a growing demand for schemes that support multi-task learning on multi-modal data while ensuring robust privacy protection, especially in applications like intelligent connected vehicles. Traditional FL schemes often struggle with the complexities introduced by multi-modal data and diverse task requirements, such as increased communication overhead and computational burdens. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving scheme for multi-task federated split learning across multi-modal data (MTFSLaMM). Our approach leverages the principles of split learning to partition models between clients and servers, employing a modular design that reduces computational demands on resource-constrained clients. To ensure data privacy, we integrate differential privacy to protect intermediate data and employ homomorphic encryption to safeguard client m...
Post a Comment
Read more

Quantum Network Nodes

An operating system for executing applications on quantum network nodes The goal of future quantum networks is to enable new internet applications that are impossible to achieve using only classical communication . Up to now, demonstrations of quantum network applications  and functionalities   on quantum processors have been performed in ad hoc software that was specific to the experimental setup, programmed to perform one single task (the application experiment) directly into low-level control devices using expertise in experimental physics.  Here we report on the design and implementation of an architecture capable of executing quantum network applications on quantum processors in platform-independent high-level software. We demonstrate the capability of the architecture to execute applications in high-level software by implementing it as a quantum network operating system-QNodeOS-and executing test programs, including a delegated computation from a client to a server ...
Post a Comment
Read more